fractals

The article is based on the lecture that was given by the first author at the school StatInfo­2009. In the first part the microcanonical variant of multifractal formalism is reviewed. Possibilities for digital image analysis and reconstruction are discussed at the level of technical strictness.

These lectures were delivered to the high school students at the School – seminar «Nonlinear Days for Youth in Saratov – 2012» in October 2012. They present the two ways of historical investigation of symmetry. The first way is self-similarity, i.e. invariance at dimension scale changing. In a more general way the term «scaling» is used, meaning the existence of power-law correlation between some variable and variables x1, ...xn: y = Axα1...xαn1 (self-similarity) appearing in various fields of science and culture. G.I. Barenblatt indicates that scaling laws never appear by accident.