Lyapunov exponent

Topic and aim. The aim of the work is to consider an easy-to-implement system demonstrating the Smale–Williams hyperbolic attractor based on the Bonhoeffer–van der Pol oscillator, alternately manifesting a state of activity or suppression due to periodic modulation of the parameter by an external control signal, and supplemented with a delayed feedback circuit. Investigated models.

If we allow non-smooth or discontinuous functions in definition of an evolution operator for dynamical systems, then situations of quasi-hyperbolic chaotic dynamics often occur like, for example, on attractors in model Lozi map and in Belykh map.

A new autonomous system with chaotic dynamics corresponding to Smale–Williams attractor in Poincare map is introduced. The system is constructed on the basis of the model with «figure-eight» separatrix on the phase plane discussed in former times by Y.I. Neimark. Our system is composed of two Neimark subsystems with generalized coordinates x and y. It is described by the equations with additional terms due to which the system becomes self-oscillating.

Examples of model non­autonomous systems are constructed and studied possessing hyperbolic attractors of Smale–Williams type in their stroboscopic maps. The dynamics is determined by application of a periodic sequence of kicks, in such way that on one period of the external driving the angular coordinate, or the phase of oscillations, behaves in accordance with an expanding circle map with chaotic dynamics.

The transition to chaos through the destruction of three-dimensional torus is studied in a nonautonomous system with quasi-periodic impact as example. Analysis is carried out of the influence both of additive noise and frequency fluctuations impact on the stability of three-dimensional torus. It is shown that under the influence of additive noise and frequency fluctuations impact Lyapunov exponent remains negative. This allows to conclude that in this model three-dimensional torus is structurally stable in contrast to theautonomous system.

Virtual cathode nonstationary dynamics has been numerically studied for the two counterstreaming electron beams. The variety of the virtual cathode oscillatory regimes has been discovered from regular to wide band chaotic oscillations. Connection between value of the largest Lyapunov exponent and output signal power has been revealed.